Scrum is an agile management process for (among other things) developing software. With Scrum, projects progress via a series of month-long iterations called sprints.
Scrum is ideally suited for projects with rapidly changing or highly emergent requirements. The work to be done on a Scrum project is listed in the Product Backlog, which is a list of all desired changes to the product. At the start of each Sprint a Sprint Planning Meeting is held during which the Product Owner prioritizes the Product Backlog and the Scrum Team selects the tasks they can complete during the coming Sprint. These tasks are then moved from the Product Backlog to the Sprint Backlog.
During the Sprint the team stays on track by holding brief daily meetings. At the end of each Sprint the team demonstrates the completed functionality at a Sprint Review Meeting.
For a more in-depth introduction, see Mike Cohn's excellent Scrum site.
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